Personal Literacy Narrative

To Learn Is to Change Life is full of risks, and that is what makes it so much more exciting. I took a risk in life when I switched from homeschooling to â€Å"real school. † This risk required me to walk through an unknown door. I quickly learned that in order to take a risk, I had to step outside of my comfort zone. If I had not taken that step to go out and try something new, I would not have learned how to survive in a new environment. We learn things in life by doing, and if we do not try things, there will be no growth.In the end I found joy in the journey of risk-taking. If I went back to the day I had the thought of going to â€Å"real school for the first time, I would have told myself the same thing: â€Å"Go for it. † When I walked through the school building’s doors for the first time, I was very nervous. I wondered how I would make new friends. What if the school work was difficult? I was homeschooled until the third grade, and when I began â€Å"r eal school† I surprisingly thrived in my new environment.At times I was bored at the slow pace my peers learned, and I made many new friends. The glory days of high school were some of my absolute favorite times. I was able to get into some challenging academic and musical programs that fully engaged my mind and prepared me for college. I had several teachers say they could tell I loved to learn by the amount of hard work that I put into my school assignments. What could I say? Homeschooling gave me a desire to learn. I enjoyed how much information I would reel in every single day.Frederick Douglass had a life full of chances to grow. For example, he learned to read and write as a slave. In his autobiography he states, â€Å"I wished to learn how to write, as I might have occasion to write my own pass. I consoled myself with the hope that I should one day find a good chance. Meanwhile, I would learn to write. † His soothing hope illustrates that we must be motivated fro m the inside. Douglass had confidence and acted for himself. He faced the truth that extraordinary things happen when we take a chance and open doors that life before us.Unless we do the things we fear and take a chance in life, we will never know the outcome. Homeschooling has shown me that education is a process that changes the learner. I truly am thankful for the experience of public school, and I treasure the years that I spent learning at home, especially. I am thankful that I had faith to explore the unknown. Homeschooling taught me that I can confidently open up new doors in the future that will have so much to offer. There is always more mystery.

How to Format a US Business Letter

How to Format a US Business Letter How to Format a US Business Letter How to Format a US Business Letter By Ali Hale Whatever you do – whether you’re a student, employed in an office job, or working as a freelancer – I can guarantee that at some point in your life, you’ll need to sit down and write a formal business letter. It might be to a customer, to an employer with a job that you want, or to apply for university funding. Perhaps it’ll even be to a literary agent or publisher who just might take on your undiscovered novel. Of course, you’ll want the letter to be well-written – but almost as important is knowing how to format it correctly. This article is about US business letter format (for UK readers, don’t worry, I’ll be writing a follow-up one for you.) The main formats for business letters in the US are called full block format and modified block format. Full block format means that all the elements of the letter are left-justified so that the start of each line is at the left-hand margin. This is the more formal style, so use it if you’re unsure which to go for. Modified block format means that some elements of the letter are shifted over to the right. Nowadays, this style is appropriate in most contexts. Here’s a full block format letter And a modified block format one: Let’s break those down into the main elements, in top-to-bottom order: Your Address Your address, also known as the â€Å"return address†, should come first. (Note that this applies when using standard plain paper. If you have letter headed paper, you should omit this.) 123 Acacia Avenue Newtown Anywhere AN 98765 Your return address should be positioned: On the left-hand side if you’re using full block format On the right-hand side (tab across, rather than right-aligning) if you’re using modified block format Why put your address? Even if the recipient has your details in their address book, you want it to be as hassle-free as possible for them to reply – you’re likely to receive a speedier response. The Date Directly beneath your address, put the date on which the letter was written: May 15, 2008 To avoid any confusion, especially if you are writing to a business abroad, it is best to put the date in word rather than number form, and you should omit the â€Å"th†. The date should be positioned on the left-hand side, for full block format and for modified block format Why put the date? It’s standard practice to include the date on which the letter was written. Correspondence is often filed in date order. It makes it much easier for the recipient to send a timely reply, and easier for you to chase up an answer if necessary. Eg. â€Å"In my letter of May 15†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Reference Line Ive not included this on the diagram as guidance varies on where it should be placed. You may include a reference line, starting with â€Å"Re:† This is often used when corresponding with large companies, or when applying for a job. The reference line can either appear beneath the date, OR beneath the recipients address. If you use a reference line, you should usually omit the subject line (see below). The reference line should be left-aligned for both full and modified block formats. Different types of letters will require different types of subject and reference lines, so choose the one thats most appropriate to your case. Why put a reference line? You should use a reference line if the recipient has requested specific information, such as a job number or invoice number, or if youre replying to a letter. This makes it easier for the recipient to get a speedy response to you. Recipient’s Name and Address Beneath this, you should put the name and address of the person you’re writing to, just as it would appear on the envelope. If you’re using a window envelope, this should be aligned on the page to show through the window – but even if it won’t be visible until the letter is opened, it should still be included. The recipient’s name and address should be positioned on the left-hand side, for both formats. Why put their address? If you’re writing to someone in an office, it probably won’t be them who opens the post. An administrator is likely to do so – and letters may be separated from their envelopes at this stage. Particularly if there are multiple departments within one building, or if you are starting your letter â€Å"Dear Bob†, a name and address ensures your letter reaches the correct recipient. The Greeting After their address, you should leave a line’s space then put â€Å"Dear Mr Jones†, â€Å"Dear Bob† or â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam† as appropriate. Follow this with a colon. The greeting, sometimes called the â€Å"salutation†, should always be left-aligned. Why put a greeting? Business letters are a formal type of writing, and it’s considered polite to start with a greeting. Although you can get away with starting emails â€Å"Hi† or â€Å"Hello†, letters follow more conservative conventions. The Subject Optionally, you may wish to include a subject for your letter. This is becoming more common, perhaps as people have become used to the subject lines of emails. If you do put a subject line, it should be in uppercase, directly below the â€Å"Dear name:† The subject (if you include one) should be left-aligned for full block format, but can be either left aligned or centred for modified block format. Why put the subject? It’s a good idea to include a subject so that the recipient can see at a glance what the letter refers to. Try to be succinct but include as much information as possible, eg. â€Å"Funding application from Joe Bloggs, candidate 222-456†. The Text of Your Letter Now, finally, you can write the main body of your letter. Your text should have: Single-spacing between lines A blank line (NOT an indent) before each new paragraph (And, of course, you should conform to all the usual rules of grammar, punctuation and spelling: for example, ensuring that you start each sentence with a capital letter, and finish with a full stop.) Why leave blank lines? In the business world, it’s standard practise to put a blank line between paragraphs. This helps to break up the text on the page and make it more readable. The Closing After the body of text, your letter should end with an appropriate closing phrase and a comma. The safest option is â€Å"Yours faithfully† (when you don’t know the name of the person to whom you are writing, ie. when you began â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam†) or â€Å"Yours sincerely† (when you do know their name). If you are already acquainted with the recipient, it may be appropriate to use a phrase such as â€Å"Best regards†, â€Å"With warmest regards†, or â€Å"Kind regards†. The closing should be: Left-aligned for full block format On the right (tab across so it matches up with your address) for modified block format Why use these phrases? Although â€Å"Yours sincerely† and â€Å"Yours faithfully† might sound archaic, they are time-honoured ways to close a formal letter. Your Name and Signature Put several blank lines after the â€Å"Yours sincerely,† or â€Å"Yours faithfully,† then type your name. You can optionally put your job title and company name on the line beneath this. Joe Bloggs Marketing Director, BizSolutions Your name and signature should be: Left-aligned for full block format On the right (tab across so it matches up with your address) for modified block format Why leave a blank space? The blank space is so that, when you’ve printed the letter, you can sign it with your name. This is taken as proof that the letter really is from the person whose name is typed at the bottom. Sometimes, another person may sign the letter on your behalf. If this is the case, they should put the letters â€Å"p.p.† before their name, which stands for the Latin per procurationem meaning â€Å"by agency†. Business letter tone Its very important that you choose the right voice and tone when writing your business letter. Using the correct format but choosing an improper type of language might affect your desired outcome. Heres what the guys from thebalancecareers.com wrote about this: Make the purpose of your letter clear through simple and targeted language, keeping the opening paragraph brief. You can start with, â€Å"I am writing in reference to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and from there, communicate only what you need to say. The subsequent paragraphs should include information that gives your reader a full understanding of your objective(s) but avoid meandering sentences and needlessly long words. Again, keep it concise to sustain their attention. Enjoy writing your letters, and use the examples above to help you with the formatting if you do get stuck. Your Step by Step Recap Formatting a business letter correctly might seem a bit daunting, especially if you’ve never or rarely written this type of letter before – perhaps you’re applying for a job for the first time, for instance, and writing a covering letter. Here’s a quick recap of what we’ve covered, so you can use it as a handy checklist: Step #1: Decide Whether You’re Using â€Å"Full Block Format† or â€Å"Modified Block Format†. Try not to mix-and-match between these. Remember, full block format (with everything left-justified) is the more formal of the two styles – but these days, modified block format (with some elements shifted over to the right) is fine for most contexts. Step #2: Include Your Address Your address should go on the left for full block format and on the right for modified block format. Don’t right-justify the text – tab across. Step #3: Include the Date The date should go directly after your address, and should be left-justified whatever format you’re using. Write it like this: â€Å"May 15, 2008†. Step #4: Potentially Include a Reference Line If you’re corresponding with a large company or if you’ve been asked to include a specific reference number in your letter, type â€Å"Re:† then the reference line. If you’re using a reference line, omit the subject line. Step #5: Include the Recipient’s Name and Address This should be left-justified, whatever format you use. It’s important to include their full name as well as the address in case the letter becomes separated from the envelope (which it usually will in a large office). If you’re using a window envelope, make sure the recipient’s name and address are positioned to appear within the window. Step #6: Include the Greeting The greeting, sometimes called the salutation, should be followed by a colon. (E.g. â€Å"Dear Mr Jones:†) It should always be left-justified. Step #7: Consider Including a Subject Line The subject line is optional, but it’s become increasingly common practice. Your subject line should show the recipient, at a glance, what your letter is about. It can be left-justified or centered in modified block format. Step #8: Write the Letter Itself The text of your letter itself should be left-justified (in all formats) and single-spaced. You should put a blank line between paragraphs, rather than indenting them. Write in an appropriate business-like tone. Step #9: Add an Appropriate Closing Close your letter with a phrase like â€Å"Yours sincerely† (a safe formal option) or â€Å"Best regards† (a good option for someone who you already know). Follow this with a comma. Step #10: Add Your Name Leave a blank space for your signature, then type your name at the end of the letter. If appropriate, you can put your job title and company name on the line beneath your name. US Business Letter Quiz Select the correct answer for each of these questions about business letters. 1. Which business letter format has all elements of the letter left-justified? Modified block format Which format has all elements of the letter left-justified? 2. What should your greeting be followed by? A colon A semi-colon 3. Should you include the recipients name and address? Yes No 4. In the body of your letter, how should you mark the end of one paragraph and the start of the next? With an indentation With a blank line Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†How to Style Legislative Terms

Bureaucratic Agency and Policy Outcome

Bureaucratic Agency and Policy Outcome Introduction The kind of governance observed in different countries has changed over the centuries due to different developments that have been registered.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Bureaucratic Agency and Policy Outcome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The increased industrial revolution, the increase in human population, as well as other forms of economic, social, and political developments registered in several countries across the globe have resulted into a shift from the traditional system of authoritarian government to a more devolved government. There has been an increased load on the governments due to several tasks that are supposed to be accomplished to serve the interest of the public. The increased load on government necessitated the creation of different independent government agencies to accomplish certain complex tasks to serve the interests of the public. Bureaucratic agencies are large government organizations that are charged with the responsibility of implementing public policies. Unlike the political positions that are elective, the members of such bureaucratic agencies are selected based on their expertise and experience in the respective areas of jurisdiction. Even though it may appear as though the bureaucratic agencies are independent government entities, the agencies often include other parties like the government and non-governmental organizations for support in executing their duties. The agencies have to formulate their objectives, mission, and vision. They then lay down the strategies that can be used to accomplish the mission and realize their vision and objectives. The agencies include the other parties to help realize these objectives in a cost-effective and efficient manner. However, once the agencies have been established to perform a given function, the government organs like the US Congress respect the autonomy of the agencies. The bureaucratic agencies are, in several cases, allowed to formulate their objectives and lay down their operational strategies without the government’s intervention. The agencies should develop rules that govern the actions of every individual involved in the agencies.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is necessary that the rules be applicable on every individual in implementing the policies without any kind of prejudice. Indeed, it has been observed that the bureaucratic agencies in the US treat citizens with a good standard of political equality (Bureaucracy, para.36). The ultimate effect of the implementation of such public policies is of great concern to the government and the bureaucratic agencies. The outcome will depend on the effectiveness of the policy in serving the interest of the public as well as the competence of the given agency in coordination its (policy’s) implementation. This paper focuses on the operations of one of the bureaucratic agencies in the United States. It highlights the organizational structure of the agency as well as how the structure reflects on the ability of the agency to implement the relevant public policies. The consequences of the implementation of such policies on the members of the public are also examined. Objective of the paper It has been observed that the bureaucratic agencies are charged with the responsibility of implementing different public policies. The public policies are guidelines that should be followed by the branches of the government in dealing with various social, political, or economic issues affecting the members of the public. The policies are enacted in accordance with the constitutional law of the federal government. An effective public policy will define the different decisions that can be taken by a regulatory authority to ensure that its mission is accomplished. The se ts of actions to be taken in implementing a policy define the policy output. After the policies have been implemented, there are final impacts that they have on the members of the public. These consequences are the outcomes of the policies. The objective of this paper is to examine the consequences of the implementation of the energy regulatory policies in the United States. In particular, it focuses on the relationship between Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as a bureaucratic agency, and the outcome of the implementation of policies regulating the production and use of nuclear energy in the United States. There is a brief focus on the political developments that necessitated the creation of the commission as well as the other adjustments that have been made since its inception.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Bureaucratic Agency and Policy Outcome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Bureaucratic Agencies i n the United States The bureaucratic agencies in the United States have become necessary due to the expansion of the government of the federal states. In the contemporary society, business organizations have structures broken down to specific tasks. For instance, a business organization will have the human resource department, sales and marketing department, operations department, and many others with a line manager for each of the department. The line managers are responsible for the coordination of activities in the department and the other workers in the department are answerable the manager. The line manager, in turn, reports to the top management (the CEO or MD) of the organization. This is the same scenario with the bureaucratic agencies and the federal government of the United States. Following the industrial revolution, there was a need to have different government departments that are charged with the responsibility of performing various government functions. Bureaucracy cr eated a better way of organization of government activities. It removed the responsibilities that were centralized on the executive arm of the government that could lead to misuse of power by authoritarian leaders. Just as the business departments that have similar objectives as the organization, the bureaucratic agencies also have aims and objectives that are in line with the government objectives. Since the agencies comprise individuals that have expertise ad experience in the specific areas of assignments, they are able to execute complex tasks that would not be integrated by a single agency. Bureaucratic agencies in the United States are under the control of both the President and the Congress (Bureaucracy, para.6). This struggle for control affects the operations of the agencies that have distinct roles. Some of the agencies are concerned with coordination of all functions that generate revenue to the government. The agencies implement the fiscal and monetary policies that even tually yield revenue to the government. Some agencies are charged with the national financial management including the implementation of the budget in the federal government. In doing this, the agencies also control the economy of the government. Other agencies are concerned with the conservation or preservation of natural resources. The agencies implement the policies that are aimed at ensuring proper care of the environment.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They ensure that other players like individuals and business organizations comply with the regulations on environment management when carrying out their activities. Similar functions are observed in the sectors like transportation, agriculture, energy regulation, communication and so on. The Nuclear Energy, its Uses and its Effects Nuclear energy is a cheap source of energy in terms of its output. The energy provides good alternative to other non-renewable forms of energy that face the challenge of quick depletion since it gives a lot of energy from small units of fuel used (Nuclear power: Energy from splitting Uranium atoms Para. 1). However, this form of energy has certain associated challenges. Apart from the fact that it is costly and requires high level of expertise to be produced (Nuclear power: Energy from splitting Uranium atoms Para. 18), the energy has radioactive emissions that are harmful to the public health. The emissions are also harmful to the environment since the e xplosions can lead to massive destruction of environment within a very short period. Worst of all, nuclear weapons have been the major equipments used by terrorists to launch attacks on their enemies. The development of nuclear weapons in the mid twentieth centuries resulted into various wars on the global scene like the Cold War. Such wars have effects on the general developments of the associated nations. With the increased need to improve on the economy in different countries, there was a need to control the use of such weapons. There is need to promote international trade between various countries. The investors will only be attracted to a region that is political stable and has high level of security. It is also the role of the government to ensure that its citizens are protected from any harmful substances. The government should strive to promote the health and general security of the members of the public. Similarly, the environment has significant contribution towards the de velopment of a given country. The government has to show a lot of concern on the issues that are concerned with the conservation and management of the environment. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) About the Commission The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is bureaucratic agency in the United States that was established by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 from the United States Atomic Energy Commission (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, para.1). The commission came into being because of the amendment of Atomic Energy Act of 1954 that led to split of the former roles of the Atomic Energy Commission. The commission is one of the numerous independent agencies established in the United States that help the Congress to discharge its duties of serving the interests of the public. The complex nature of tasks that faces the Federal government calls for the breakdown of roles to manageable categories with increased specialization. The enforcement of the different components of government laws may not be possible from a single body. The independent regulatory agencies enact and implement policies that govern operations in different sectors of the government. In this regard, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is charged with the role of the development ad implementation of rules and regulations that govern the production, distribution, and use of nuclear materials and facilities. The mission of the Commission The commission is out to regulate the use of nuclear products and byproducts by the civilian and the military of the United States to improve on the health and safety of the public, improve on the security of the members of the public, and protect the environment from harmful emissions of nuclear materials. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is described as a collegial body that ‘formulates policies, develops regulations governing nuclear reactor and nuclear material safety, issues orders to licensees, and adjudicates legal matters’ (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Para.1). The functions of the Commission In managing the different problems associated with the nuclear energy, the agency assumes different roles. Firstly, in order to improve the economy of the country by promoting international trade, the agency is aimed at preventing such terrorist acts by regulating the production and use of these deadly weapons. It ensures that the nuclear reactors are safe and secured from intrusion by unauthorized persons. The agency ensures that only licensed nuclear reactors are established within the borders of the United States. It also regulates the use of the military materials and facilities by the civilian as well as the military in the United States. This allows for the regulation of the movement of these nuclear materials and facilities within and outside the country. Secondly, the commission aims at improving the lives of people through public promoting public health issues. The nuclear products are also used in other settings other warfare. These include the learning institutions, the healthcare centers, the industrial sector, and business organizations. These products are harmful to human life if good precaution is not taken. The commission regulates the use of the products in these settings. Finally, the commission is also concerned with the environmental impact of the usage of this form of energy. Good precaution should be taken in handling the nuclear products and wastes right from the storage. Proper mechanisms should also be used in the transportation of the products. The commission ensures proper storage and transportation of nuclear products and wastes to their preferred destinations. It has also been stated that the waste materials from the nuclear products are very harmful to the human environment and can be a challenge to the human health and safety. The commission is also responsible for ensuring the proper disposal of these waste products. It ensures that all the associated parties with the production and use of these products take part in the disposal of the waste products as provided by the legislative regulations. Organizational Structure of the Commission The top management of the commission consists of five commissioners that are appointed by the president and approved by the senate. The president appoints one of the commissioners to be the chairperson and the final spokesperson of the Commission (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, para.1). The chairperson becomes the principle executive officer of the commission charged with the administrative and management responsibilities. The organizational structure has a hierarchical system with one level answerable to the next level in the structure. The chairperson has the overall authority over the functions of the agency. He or she is reports to the president. There is also the office of the Executive Director of Operations (EDO). All the members of the commission are required to take part in the development and formulation of policies that govern production and use of nuclear materials. The ED reports to the chairperson of the commission. The EDO then has the responsibility of carrying out the policies that have been developed by the commission. The EDO, in turn, directs the activities that are performed by the program officers in implementing the formulated policies (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2011c, para.1). The program officers report to the EDO and ensure that use of these nuclear materials is in accordance with the provisions of the commission. The Operations of the NRC and the Outcomes of the Policies The operations of the commission are governed by a number of legislative provisions. There are laws regulating the use of nuclear materials and facilities by the civilian. These include the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (that created the NRC), and the Reorganization plans (legislative initiatives that were mainly concerned with environmental management) (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission para.2). The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 is the basis of the laws in the United States that govern the use of nuclear materials and facilities by the civilians as well as the military. The Act provides that the development and use of nuclear materials in the United States should be regulated in order to â€Å"promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the living standards, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise† (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, para.5). The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is given the powers to establish the standards that govern the use of these nuclear materials by the civilian to improve on health and safety of the public as well as the security of individuals’ property. The Commission has full control over the nuclear production plants in the different states of the US. In effect, there cannot be an illegal production of nuc lear products. This improves on the safety of the States and their citizens. It has been stated that the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 led to the creation of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Before this Act was enacted, both development and production of nuclear weapons as well as the regulation of use of these materials were performed by the Atomic Energy Commission (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, para.6). After splitting the functions in 1974, the Department of Energy was given the responsibility of the production of these nuclear weapons. The act also defined the organizational structure of the Commission as well as the offices that would be established in different regions of the United States. The United States Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970 as one of the Reorganization plans. The agency is charged with the responsibility of establishing the standards that need to be met to ensure maximum protection of the environment from the nuclea r materials. There are also legal provisions that are concerned with the management of nuclear waste. These include the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendment Act of 1985, and the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, para.3). According to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the Federal government is required to establish some reliable location for disposing the dangerous radioactive waste materials. The Act also provides that the individuals or companies that produce such wastes should bear the costs of the disposal of such wastes. It provides that different parties including the members of the public be included in the identification and development of the damping sites of such materials. Once the government’s Department of Energy has identified the site, it seeks an authorization from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission before the site can be constructed (United States Nuclear R egulatory Commission, Para.12). The States are also responsible for the disposal of low-level nuclear wastes that are generated within their territories. The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendment Act of 1985 provides the NRC with the authority to establish standards for determining the wastes concentration that are to be considered in this category (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Para.13). The commission also manages the waste disposal facilities in different states. These environmental management measures contribute significantly to the economic development of the country. The Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 provides the commission the authority to regulate the operations at mill tailing sites for the sites that were licensed by the commission immediately after the legislation came into force. The other important legislation governing the operation of the commission is the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. The legislation aimed at restr aining the spread of nuclear weapons within and outside the United States (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Para.14). It outlined the criteria with which the Commission should issue license for the export of nuclear weapons outside the States. The other set of legislative provisions regulate the processes of the regulatory agencies like the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These include the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C Chapters 5 through 8) and the National Environmental Policy Act. It has been observed that the commission as well as the other agencies in the United States formulates the policies (rules) that are to be accomplished by the agencies. The Administrative Procedure Act gives the agencies these adjudicative roles. The Act also provides the public with the authority to sue the agencies in the event that the agency establishes a rule that is not in accordance with the other developmental objectives within the given community (United States Nuclear Regulat ory Commission, 2011b, para.16). The management of environment is of concern to the government at the Federal, state and county levels. Every initiative that is to be taken by a federal agency has significant impacts on the environment (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Para.19). It is necessary that the operations of every agency in the United States should focus on, and contribute, towards environmental management. The National Environmental Policy Act requires that an agency should provide an Environmental Impact Assessment before carrying out any significant project when such a project is proposed. The EIA will provide details of the possible environmental impacts of the project as well as alternative courses of action that could be taken (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2011b, para.19). The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has to abide by these regulatory provisions in executing its operations. Summary and Conclusion The functions performed by the bureaucra tic agencies are essential in helping the federal government of the United States to serve the interests of the members of the public. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in particular, has contributed significantly towards the improvement of the lives of the public. The commission has encouraged the use of a form of energy that can serve several people but is also harmful to human life if not properly managed. The fear of terrorist attack within the borders of the US has also been reduced due to the regulations imposed on the production and movement of these deadly weapons within the country. This also improves on the economy of the country since it becomes a good base for international trade. The structure and composition of the commission is also a key to the success of the commission. The members of the bureaucratic agencies are recruited on their merits. This allows for the development of a hierarchical organizational structure composed of specialized personnel each of whom has good understanding of the respective sectors. The members of the agencies are able to develop their rules independently and follow these rules without discrimination of any kind. The little or no political influence on the running of these agencies also contributes significantly to their success. â€Å"Bureaucracy.† garyrutledge.com, 2011. Web. â€Å"Nuclear power: Energy from splitting Uranium atoms.† Energy Resources: Nuclear power, 2011. Web. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The Commission, 2011a. Web. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Our Governing Legislation, 2011b. Web. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Organization and functions, 2011c. Web.

Federal Efforts to Control Monopoly

Federal Efforts to Control Monopoly Monopolies were among the first business entities the U.S. government attempted to regulate in the public interest. Consolidation of smaller companies into bigger ones enabled some very large corporations to escape market discipline by fixing prices or undercutting competitors. Reformers argued that these practices ultimately saddled consumers with higher prices or restricted choices. The Sherman Antitrust Act, passed in 1890, declared that no person or business could monopolize trade or could combine or conspire with someone else to restrict trade. In the early 1900s, the government used the act to break up John D. Rockefellers Standard Oil Company and several other large firms that it said had abused their economic power. In 1914, Congress passed two more laws designed to bolster the Sherman Antitrust Act: the Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. The Clayton Antitrust Act defined more clearly what constituted illegal restraint of trade. The act outlawed price discrimination that gave certain buyers an advantage over others; forbade agreements in which manufacturers sell only to dealers who agree not to sell a rival manufacturers products; and prohibited some types of mergers and other acts that could decrease competition. The Federal Trade Commission Act established a government commission aimed at preventing unfair and anti-competitive business practices. Critics believed that even these new anti-monopoly tools were not fully effective. In 1912, the United States Steel Corporation, which controlled more than half of all the steel production in the United States, was accused of being a monopoly. Legal action against the corporation dragged on until 1920 when, in a landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that U.S. Steel was not a monopoly because it did not engage in unreasonable restraint of trade. The court drew a careful distinction between bigness and monopoly and suggested that corporate bigness is not necessarily bad.​​ Experts Note: Â  Generally speaking, the federal government in the United States has a number of options at its disposal in order to regulate monopolies. (Remember, regulation of monopolies is economically justified since monopoly is a form of market failure that creates inefficiency- i.e. deadweight loss- for society.) In some cases, monopolies are regulated by breaking up the companies and, by doing so, restoring competition. In other cases, monopolies are identified as natural monopolies- i.e. companies where one big firm can produce at lower cost than a number of smaller firms- in which case they are subjected to price restrictions rather than being broken up. Legislation of either type is far more difficult than it sounds for a number of reasons, including the fact that whether a market is considered a monopoly depends crucially on how broadly or narrowly a market is defined.​

CV writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CV writing - Essay Example My intention is to produce a learning environment that fosters creativity and collaboration among the students so that self-expression can be utilized with goal setting skills in order to fulfil personal aspirations as defined by the students, but framed within the learning goals of the class. Summary of Teaching Experience 2010. Supply Teacher (Teaching Agencies in UK) Working as cover/ supply teacher in various secondary schools around London. 2001- 2009. Mahaicony Secondary School, Guyana (Junior Teacher) Visual Arts teacher of the secondary school, responsible for teaching students ages 11 -16. Examiner for final exhibited examination art pieces. Guiding and rendering support to other junior teachers within the department. Visual Arts teacher ? Taught various areas of visual arts including Drawing and Painting, Textiles, Graphic design. ? Prepared lesson plan to meet the needs of diverse students from different cultures and backgrounds. ? Prepared fifth form (ages 16& 17) student s to write Caribbean Examination Council Secondary Education Certificate exam. ? Organized art exhibitions and assessing works of art. ? Developed students' interests, abilities and co-ordination by way of creative activities ? Tested and evaluated students’ ability for individual progress in written and oral work. ? Prepared and administered assignments and projects ? Planned schemes of work for entire year group. ? Built learners' confidence, and teaching successful learning strategies In Assisting the Teacher I Participated in ? Creating a good teacher- parent friendly relationship ? Encouraging parents to be actively involved in many areas of school life whilst developing close working relationships an active PTA ? Managing the classroom and organized activities such as educational tours and field trips. ? Identifying students with learning difficulties and provided learning aids and programmes to meet their needs. ? Participating in staff meetings, conferences and educat ional workshops ? Discussing students’ progress and problems with students and parents. Encouraged parents to be actively involved in their children’s school life. ? Encouraging students to become independent learners by setting challenging and demanding expectations to promote self-esteem Junior Teacher Adviser Responsibilities ? Advised and supported staff on planning, assessment and resources including lesson planning. ? Assisted in disciplinary problems School’s Environment Club Leader ? Organised sponsored events, lunchtime and after school clubs. ? Planned and implement strategies in dealing with issues such as recycling and littering. ? Promoted activities planning through involvement of other schools and parents. Achievements ? Completed the objectives and activities set in the curriculum on time. ? 98%- 100% passes in exams: Caribbean Examination Council Secondary Education Certificate exam. ? Significantly assisted in changing the behaviour of the enti re school towards littering through the implementation of policies. Education ? October 2005 –July 2009: BA in Fine Arts (Pass with credit), University of Guyana. ? October 2003 – July 2005: Technical Education Certificate in Radio and Electronic Servicing (Pass with distinction), Georgetown Technical Institute, Guyana. ? October 1998 – July 2001: Trained Teacher’s Certificate (Grade 1; Class 1), Cyril Potter College of Education, (Guyana Teachers’ Training College). ? October 1991 –

Chilean History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chilean History - Essay Example In terms of population, it has a huge population given its size, and it dominates in terms of agriculture. For Chile to have accomplished what it has accomplished to this far, there has been history that will not be forgotten soon. Chile was under military dictatorship that lasted for sixteen and a half years after the years which needed much reform. The years after 1973, (1973-1990), were characterized by military dictatorship that saw people lose their lives while some went missing. Today, Chile is one of the stable nations that are prosperous. In the 1960s and 1970s, Chile experienced social and economic problems that needed reform (Collier, Simon and William, 102). An economic depression was worsened by capital flight, which also led to the plummeting of private investments. Production fell, and the level of unemployment rose. Chile’s import strategy was faced with an overvaluation of the domestic currency. The prices of agricultural products began decreasing to the point that the government had to intervene in order for there to be regulation. Chile was also faced with an earthquake in 1960 plummeted the economic and social welfare of the people deeper. Public infrastructure was affected the monetary loss was more than anticipated. In addition, present was the social injustice from those who were supposed to be leading. New social groups emerged who pushed for certain reforms. These new social groups differed with leaders about certain conditions, which included the living conditions of people. The major social problems were the issue with the Roman Catholic Church whose political, social and economic affairs were looked at (Collier, Si mon and William, 122).... The Popular Unity government made efforts to reform the economy. It started with initiation of economic transformations which included a program that involved nationalization (nationalization program had legislations, requisitions and involvement of stakeholders), increase in real wages, reduction of inflation, urging of economic growth, increase of product consumption and this was mostly for those who were poor. Another initiative the government took was the reduction of economic independence on the rest of the world. This would lead to a significant increase in the economic value of Chile. Most of these reforms were to be accomplished by boosting the aggregate demand and strict price controls (Collier, Simon and William, 155). The government took over the copper mines and other foreign firms, banks and large estates. In 1971, by a unanimous vote of the Congress, the government rationalized the foreign copper firms. Also in the same period, the government removed the emergency legis lation from so as to allow it to take over and control industries without the approval of the congress (Collier, Simon and William, 202). Keynesian measures were applied in order to increase salaries and wages, thus increasing the purchasing power of working and middle classes. Though economically the party was on the path to success, politically, the party leader, Allende faced problems holding his party together. The party also faced different views by the opposing political parties, but still managed to make and maintain ties with other nations (Allende, 154). The Pinochet regime sought to repress women and had neoliberal economic and social policies that had a negative effect on the poor. The Chilean military overthrew the Popular Unity government in a violent coup. During the

Establishing a Healthy Work Environment by Improving Nurse and CNA Essay

Establishing a Healthy Work Environment by Improving Nurse and CNA Communication - Essay Example Nurses are exposed to a lot of pressure every day. This makes them vulnerable to living in an unhealthy work environment. Improving nurse and CNA communication regarding patient care are a perfect solution to this menace. Through the umbrella of the CAN, nurses are able to share their experiences regarding patient care. They are able to identify imminent danger and contain it in reasonable time. These would ensure the establishment of a healthy working condition for nurses comes to pass. The CNA is a union of laborers in the Nursing profession in the United States. Its members are all nurses by profession. They have practiced in the profession for varied lengths of time. Their collective knowledge is intense. Through enhancing communication between the members of the CAN, it is possible to establish a healthy working environment for all nurses. The world is currently moving towards making the work environment a safe haven. There is a race against time to see to it that the working en vironment is cozy and healthy for nurses. Literature review Nurses have for long suffered from a lot of work related mistreatment. These are the main sources of the lack of a healthy working environment in the nursing profession. Nurses are always burdened by enormous workloads. These leave them altogether fatigued and unable to give their best input in the work place. The moral of the nurses is killed entirely. They attend to their patients grudgingly. A worldwide survey indicates that the number of nurses in most health centers is particularly acute. A truly alarming number of patients are under the care of a single nurse. The nurses end up suffering from a lot of stress and burnout. They are compelled to take time off from work as a result of this. They are extremely vulnerable to falling sick not just due to the burnout but also by accidentally contracting ailments from their patients. They are constantly being nagged. This makes them unable to fully concentrate. They end up ign oring bits and pieces of the fundamental order of operation of the nursing profession. In the end, they inflict harm not just to the health of their patients, but to their own health as well. Many players in the healthcare environment have employed a lot of energy in an effort to curb problems related with the unhealthy working environment for nurses. Scholars have undertaken extensive research in trying to yield a lasting solution. So far, all these have been in vain. Change or process improvement project definition Owing to the fact that nurses have suffered for long, it is high time that a lasting solution is found for their problem. This is only achievable by establishing a resound nurse and CNA communication regarding patient care. By so doing, the nurses are able to take the load off their back. Like they say, a problem shared is a problem half solved. This applies to sharing the problem with a non professional in the field in questions. Using the proposed solution to the prob lem that the nurses are facing, they are on the contrary being poised to share their problems with professionals in the field in question. Needles to say, this will not only half solve their problems, but will actually eliminate them totally. CNA is a union of nurses in the United States of America which was established over six decades ago. It was established with the key purpose of collectively advocating for the rights of nurses in the United States. It has been hugely vibrant in calling for the registration of